内蒙桌子山地区凝结水对岩溶地下水补给的探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

梁永平  阎福贵  侯俊林  王维泰 《中国岩溶》2006,25(4):320-323

内蒙古桌子山区为西北干旱地区,平均年降水量不足200mm。区内中、下奥陶统碳酸盐岩中岩溶水是当地重要供水水源。该区岩溶地下水氢氧同位素关系图表明,其样点基本分布在当地雨水线左上方,存在明显的反向“氧漂移”现象,这种现象在作者所见到我国北方多数岩溶泉域岩溶地下水的同位素分布是唯一的。通过本区特定的气候、水文地质条件以及自然条件分析认为,本区岩溶地下水中可能存在凝结水的补给,这一观点在2004年8月30日清晨的露水同位素取样分析后得到了进一步支持。   相似文献   

东营凹陷砂岩透镜体油气成藏机理及有利区预测   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张俊  庞雄奇  姜振学  陈冬霞  杜春国  李丕龙 《地球科学》2006,31(2):250-256

近几年济阳坳陷的勘探实践表明, 对岩性油藏的含油性差异、成藏机理尚认识不清, 这制约了隐蔽油气藏的进一步勘探.在东营凹陷145个砂岩透镜体油藏含油性统计分析的基础上, 结合典型透镜体油藏详细解剖和核磁共振物理模拟实验结果综合研究后发现: 砂岩透镜体圈闭形成时的构造和沉积环境、围岩生排烃条件、砂体储集条件是其成藏的主控因素.只有围岩(源岩) 进入供烃门限后, 其与砂体界面处的毛管压力差、烃浓度梯度产生的扩散力和膨胀力3者之和大于砂体中过剩的水向外渗滤遇到的阻力, 即成藏动力大于成藏阻力时, 砂岩透镜体才能成藏.当砂体沉积环境、围岩生排烃条件、砂体自身储集条件3方面均满足一定条件时, 圈闭才具备形成砂岩透镜体油藏的条件, 并且上述3方面条件越优越, 圈闭含油性就越好.用此方法对东营凹陷下第三系沙三中亚段砂岩透镜体油藏的分布进行了预测.   相似文献   

海上液货补给技术     

余建星  顾鹏 《海洋技术学报》2005,24(4):103-106

在详细研究大量国内外有关海上液货补给技术资料的基础上,简单论述了液货补给装置发展的历史与现状,并分析各类方法的优缺点,提出可以改进的方法。  相似文献   

Climate threats,water supply vulnerability and the risk of a water crisis in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (Northeastern Mexico)     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

This paper evaluates the risk of a water crisis – a substantial, sudden reduction in water supply – in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area (MMA), posed by climate threats and the vulnerability of its water supply system. Our analysis of long-term precipitation, water supply and water availability data reveals that the MMA is highly vulnerable to recurring periods of exceptionally low precipitation and scarce surface water availability. We identify two episodes in the recent past (1998 and 2013) when the MMA water supply system almost collapsed as reservoirs neared depletion in the face of abnormally dry weather. Furthermore our climate projections point to warmer and drier future conditions for the region and consequently, heightened climate threats. We conclude that the risk of a water crisis in the MMA is substantial and probably will increase due to climate change. This establishes a clear and pressing need for a comprehensive package of adaptation measures to mitigate the consequences of a water crisis should one occur as well as to reduce the likelihood of such an event.  相似文献   

Suspended sediment transport regime in a debris‐flow gully on Vancouver Island,British Columbia     

Craig J. Nistor  Michael Church 《水文研究》2005,19(4):861-885

In debris‐flow‐prone channels, normal fluvial sediment transport occurs (nearly exclusively in suspended mode) between episodic debris‐flow events. Observations of suspended sediment transport through a winter season in a steepland gully in logged terrain revealed two event types. When flows exceeded a threshold of 270 l s⁻¹, events yielded significant quantities of sediment and suspended sediment concentration increased with flow. Smaller events were strongly ‘supply limited’; sediment concentration decreased as flow increased. Overall, there is no consistent correlation between runoff and sediment yield. Within the season, three subseasons were identified (demarcated by periods of freezing weather) within which a pattern of fine sediment replenishment and evacuation occurred. Finally, a signature of fine sediment mobilization and exhaustion was observed within individual events. Fine sediment transport occurred in discrete pulses within storm periods, most of the yield occurring within 5 to 15% of storm runoff duration, so that it is unlikely that scheduled sampling programs would identify significant transport. Significant events are, however, generally forecastable on the basis of regional heavy rainfall warnings, providing a basis for targeted observations. Radiative snowmelt events and rain‐on‐snow remain difficult to forecast, since the projection of temperatures from the nearest regular weather station yields variable results. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

新冠肺炎疫情对经济全球化的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1  

刘卫东 《地理研究》2020,39(7):1439-1449

新冠肺炎疫情是第二次世界大战以来世界面临的最大危机,给世界带来巨大的冲击,包括人们的心理和生活、经济增长与就业、国家治理及世界治理等。这些影响使很多学者、评论家、大众、企业家乃至政府官员产生了非常悲观的情绪,舆论中不乏经济全球化将终结、全球供应链将大规模调整、世界治理格局将彻底改变等言论。本文通过建立“全球化的三角结构”剖析了经济全球化的动力机制,并结合疫情对世界的主要影响,试图揭示后疫情时代经济全球化的走势。我们认为,资本的“空间出路”、技术的“时空压缩”和国家的开放程度是驱动经济全球化的三个基本力量,这三者的变化及其相互作用结果影响着全球化进程。从动力机制看,全球化是一个没有终点且不断变化的历史过程,它不会倒退,而是波动。过去半个世纪以来,世界各国已经被全球化紧密地联系在一起,相互脱钩的代价极其昂贵,没有国家会选择完全脱钩。所谓的逆全球化现象,是全球化发展过程中世界格局变化及各国应对策略调整的结果。新冠肺炎疫情并不能影响全球化的资本和技术驱动力,但是可能影响国家的开放程度。如果疫情持续时间不是很长,经济全球化将很快会回归原有的发展轨迹,继续进行调整。各国也将继续围绕经济全球化进行斗争、妥协、再斗争,直至形成一个相对稳定的状态。因此,经济全球化可能因为应对疫情而踩下急刹车,甚至暂退半步,但很快将继续前行,向着“包容性全球化”的方向发展。  相似文献   

Geographical Conditions and National Strategies   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dadao Lu 《地球科学进展》2020,35(3):221-230

This paper is a summary based on the relationship between national conditions and development strategies for decades of consulting research. Through cases, the paper outlined the basic meaning of national conditions and geographical conditions and their close relationship with national development strategies, and emphasized the importance of comprehensive thinking and scientific judgment in the process of carrying out the governments’ strategies and development policies, and making development policies. At last, suggestions were made that the points of China’s national conditions and the rules of connection with government decision-making should be written into geography textbooks as well as into textbooks for party schools of the Communist Party of China.  相似文献   

Mathematical modelling of sea water intrusion,Nauru Island     

F. Ghassemi  A. J. Jakeman  G. Jacobson 《水文研究》1990,4(3):269-281

A two-dimensional finite element model for density dependent groundwater flow was calibrated to simulate sea water intrusion in Nauru Island in the Central Pacific Ocean. Nauru Island occupies an area of 22 km² and supports a population of 8500. The island has been mined for its phosphate deposits and current reserves indicate that the mine has about eight years life remaining. The water supply of the island is about one third dependent on imported water which is also used as ballast on the phosphate ships. Imported water will not be available in the future, and a hydrogeological investigation shows that the island is underlain by a fresh water layer, less than 5 m thick. The freshwater layer overlies a thick transition zone of brackish water which in turn overlies sea water. Simulation of several management options shows that it is possible to substitute current importation of fresh water by careful extraction from the groundwater resources of the island.  相似文献   

A review of aridity and groundwater     

J. W. Lloyd 《水文研究》1986,1(1):63-78

Surface hydrological studies are seen as inadequate in hyperarid and arid areas to provide reliable estimates of recharge. In most such areas surface discharges are not present so that assessments of groundwater resources are dependent upon ground interpretation and denied the flow control found in assessments elsewhere. Groundwater models show that gradients are sustained by long-term dewatering and very small amounts of modern indirect recharge. Recharge indications are well within the error of a hydrological balance. Discharges appear equally small. The development of groundwater in arid areas frequently faces problems of salination due to recycling of irrigation water and rising groundwater heads. Abstraction is often inadequately managed so that uncontrolled mining of groundwater occurs. The advantage that groundwater has, however, is that it offers staged development and staged appraisal.  相似文献   

济南张夏组灰岩岩溶地下水供水潜力探讨   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

韩祥银  韩亮  付春升  方庆海  王集宁  刘广哲 《山东国土资源》2008,24(12)

济南南部广布巨厚张夏组灰岩,其中赋存优质丰富的岩溶地下水。出露众多泉水,其流量为800～8000m3/d。该文通过简述济南地区张夏组灰岩岩溶地下水的赋存条件与水文地质特征,概略计算与评价其资源量,论证开发利用这一新水源的可行性,以期为济南供水与保泉开辟新途径。  相似文献